Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Unlike other language-related disciplines, linguistics is concerned with describing the structures of languages governed by rules to determine the extent to which these structures are universal or specific to language, to impose constraints on possible linguistic structures and to explain why there is only a fairly narrow range of possible human languages
Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, dialectology, pragmatics, comparative linguistics, and computational linguistics. This lecture is composed of two chapters, sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Regarding sociolinguistics, it is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the social spaces that languages occupy. Nevertheless, pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies the contextual meaning communicated by a speaker or writer, and interpreted by a listener or reader.