Aperçu des sections

  • Généralités

    • Azu fell-awen (AMAYNUT)

      Wid yebɣan ad awin tisenfarin-nsen (avant-projet) s tamawin-iw, ad d-asen azekka (letnayen, 28.03.2022) ɣef 10h ɣer tzeqqa n yiselmaden Azday 2. 

      Tamawin ara tafem deg-sent, d tamuɣli-inu kan nekk. Awal aneggaru, d awal n yinemhalen-nwen. Akken bɣuɣ fehmeɣ ayen i rzan yisental-nwen, d inemhalen-nwen i yeẓran s telqey d acu i ilaqen i yisental-nwen. 

      Afud yelhan

      Nacer MEHDI

    • Remise des travaux Fichier

      Azul fell-awen

      Win neɣ tin yufan ABSENT sdat yisem-is, yettusemma ur ṭṭifeɣ ara aqeddic-is. Ihi ilaq ad yi-t-id-yazen s tɣawla.

      Tanemmirt

      Nacer MEHDI

    • Akayad ara d-theyyim Fichier

      Azul fell-awen

      Walit attaftar-a n Word i yellan da, ad tafem d acu ara yilin d akayad i ulmud-a. 

      Aznem-iyi-d leqdic-nwen ɣer tansa-ya : nacermehdi06@gmail.com

      Ass aneggaru i tuznin d ass n letnayen, 28/02/2022

      Imi aṭas deg-wen i yi-d-yettren ad sɣezfeɣ ass n tuznin n yiqeddicen, ad awen-n-rnu ssmana (Ass n letnayen 07.03.2022)

      Tanemmirt

      Nacer MEHDI

    • Azul fell-awen

      Ur ttiliɣ ara ass n ttlata deg temsirt, ddukleɣ d yiwen n umdkel i d-yeffɣen ziɣ yeṭṭef aṭṭan n kuṛuna. Terra tma, iwakken ur ssentaḍeɣ i ḥed ma ṭṭfeɣ-t ula d nekk sɣur-s, ad rjuɣ arma d ass n ttlata iwakken ad d-awɣ ttbut ɣur ṭṭbib ma dɣa ṭṭfeɣ-t neɣ ala. 

      Ayen akk ara taḥwajem iwakken ad d-tebnum tisenfarin-nwen, ad awen-t-id-fesreɣ da. 

      Afud yelhan, 

      ttḥadaret iman-nwen. 

      Nacer MEHDI

    • Tamawin

      - Ad ken-ttreɣ ad yi-tessurfem imi ur ttiliɣ ara ass n ttlata, 30-11-2021. Tamsirt n wass-nni, ad tt-tafem da. Tanemmirt

    • Iswi n ulmud:

      1. Asenɛet n ubrid ara yaɣ unelmad iwakken ad yefren asentel akked unemhal;

      2. Asissen n tarrayt n usebded n usenfar n tagmi.

      S wakka ara yessiweḍ unelmad ad yadef annar n tagmi, ad yessebded isenfaren imaynuten iman-is. Meḥsub s awakka ara yuɣal unelmad d ilelli deg uxemmem.

      Institut Royal de la Culture amazighe (2009), « Guide de rédaction de la revue Assinag », http://www.ircam.ma.

      Aktouf, O. (1987), Méthodologie des sciences sociales et approche qualitative des organisations, Montréal, PUQ, 213 sb.

      Lafkioui, M. (2015),  « Méthodologie de recherche en géolinguistique », Corpus [En ligne], 14 | 2015, mis en ligne le 29 août 2017, consulté le 23 février 2021. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/corpus/2658 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/corpus.2658

  • Afran deg leqdic n Master

    • Tazwert

      Leqdic ussnan, s umata, ur t-id-yeggar yiwen iman-is kan akka, d leqdic deg zemren ad ilin aṭas n wassaɣen d yimdanen-nniḍen, d yinagmayen-nniḍen. Tasarut n ubrid yelhan i usenfar-nni ara yexdem yiwen, d assaɣen yelhan d wid i as-yefka lḥal deg leqdic-nni. Almend n waya, wid ukkud ara d-yebnu unelmad asenfar-is, ilaq ad ten-id-yefren akken iwata: wi, d amendid akked unemhal.

      Afran n umendid

      Tazrawt n Master, niqal ad tt-yexdem unelmad iman-is. Maca, tkwal tettarra tmara i tdukli d unelmad-nniḍen ara yilin d amendid deg lxedma-nni.

      Amendid, d anelmad wis sin ukkud yezdi unelmad leqdic-is seg tazwara ar taggara, d win ukkud yeg unelmad tafada n usiweḍ n leqdic ar taggara-s, tafada ur yettxalaf ula d yuiwen seg-sen. Almend n waya, afran n umendid d ayen yesɛan azal nezzeh, d ayen ara d-yesseknen udem d ubrid ara yaɣ usenfar. Atenta kra n tfadiwin n ufran n umendid: 

      - yewwi-d ad ɛedlen aswir: ma ur ɛdilen aswir, wa ad yessaẓ leqdic, wi ad t-id-yettwexxir. Ilaq mi ara ttemcawaren, ad ttemsefhamen; 

      - yewwi-d ad sɛun yiwet n tikli deg lxedma ara xedmen: mačči wa ad yekkat ad yettɛedday, wa ad yettruẓ aqerruy-is; 

      - yewwi-d ad izmiren i sin i lxedma deg ugraw: ilaq ad ttemyawin, ur ttemḥasaben ara ɣef wayen ur neswi ara, ...

      - mačči ma yiwen d amedakel deg tudert n yal ass kan ad tizmireḍ ad tgeḍ leqdic ussnan yid-s: tikwal ɣas d imdukal, ur tseɛɛum yiwet n tikli deg lxedma; 

      - iswan-nsen deg lxedma ara xedmen, ilaq ad ɛedlen. 

      Acḥal n wid i iɛawden i useggas acku yennuɣ d umendid-is

      Afran n usentel

      Segmi tebdiḍ leqraya, d iselmad-ik i yettḥettimen fell-ak isental, ama deg yineskinen ama deg yikayaden, tefka-yak tegnit tikelt-a ad txedmeḍ ɣef usentel i ak-yehwan, ma tebɣiḍ. Asentel ara tferneḍ yewwi-d ad tesɛuḍ leḥrara ɣer ɣur-s, yewwi-d ad ak-yeɛǧeb. Ma ur ak-yeɛǧib usentel i teferneḍ deg tazwara, ur ttraǧu ad tennerni leḥmala-k ɣur-s kra ttekken wussan, ala uguren ara d-temmagreḍ.

      Asentel-ik, ad t-tferneḍ almend n: 

      - lweqt i tesɛiḍ. Tesɛiḍ 6 n wayyuren d lweqt, ur ttextiṛ asentel ara ak-yeṭṭfen aseggas. Ur ssimɣur lebɣi-k iwakken ur yettiwsiɛ usentel-ik. Asentel-ik, ad yili yemqet, yefra, iban, fessus. Ammud ɣef ara txedmeḍ, ad yili meẓẓiy iwakken ad as-tizmireḍ, maca yewwi-d ad iwalem asentel-ik daɣen. Ur kkat ad d-tefruḍ uguren icudden ɣer taɣult-nni deg tqeddceḍ meṛṛa, d taḥjurt-ik kan ara d-ternuḍ ɣer tid yellan yakan i ɣef ara d-rnunt teḥjurin n yinagmayen ara d-yasen deffir-k. Ur telliḍ d amezwaru, ur tettiliḍ d aneggaru ɣer usentel-nni tferneḍ! 

      - wallalen i tesɛiḍ. Tesɛiḍ ttawil ad txedmeḍ aglam i kra n tmeslayt n yiwen n lɛerc ur nelli inek, xdem-it; ma ur tesɛiḍ ara ttawil i waya, ur ggar iman-ik anda ara tweḥleḍ. Acku ɣer taggar, ma ur teffiɣeḍ ara, d kečč kan ay d ṭṭalem. Asentel-ik, ma yessawen, ur d ssebba s ara tesɛeddiḍ iman-ik! 

      - n tmusni-k deg taɣult-nni deg yella usentel. Yella yiwen yezmer i leqdic n unnar (tasnilesmettit), yella wayeḍ ur as-yezmir ara. Yella yiwen yeẓwer deg taɣult n tesnamka, wayeḍ uhu, ... Ur kkat ad d-tessekneḍ iman-ik tessneḍ! 

      Amdan-nni ara ak-yemlen iberdan deg wanect-a, d anemhal-ik.

      Afran n unemhal

      Deg tezrawt n Master, anemhal-ik d aselmad i tessneḍ ya, teẓriḍ tikli-is, teẓriḍ tamusni-is deg taɣult deg teɣɣareḍ.

      Anemhal-ik, d amesɣal-ik: d netta ara k-iwellhen, ara ak-yemlen iberdan yessufuɣen kra ara yekk useggas, ad k-iɛiwen deg lebni n tmukrist n tezrawt-ik, deg usebded n wammud ɣef ara tili tezrawt, d netta ara k-iwellhen deg ufran n yiɣbula i tezrawt-ik, ara ak-yemlen leslak mi ur t-tufiḍ.

      Tikwal, mi iɣill unelmad yefren anemhal i t-ilaqen, yaf-it ziɣen ur yesɛi ara lweqt ad d-yelhi yid-s. Ilaq ɣef unelmad ad yelmed tilelli, ad yizmir ad yenǧer abrid-is mebla lettkal ɣef unemhal. Iselmaden s umata, i bɣun ilin, sɛan iɣeblan-nniḍen bexlaf tazrawt n unelmad, sɛan yakan ahat tizrawin-nniḍen n Master neɣ n dduktuṛa ɣef llan d inemhalen. Lbeɛd ara yebɛed unemhal-ik akk akka, ur d-yewwi ara ad t-tḥesbeḍ d ugur: leqdic n tezrawt, d tagnit deg ara tlemdeḍ lettkal ɣef yiman-ik.

      Anemhal-ik ɣer ɣur-k, am ccix-nni n tenhert ɣer unelmad n tenhert: ma yefka-yak ṭṭumubil ad tt-tnehreḍ iman-ik, yettkel fell-ak; ma yeggar-d iman-is yal tikelt iwakken ad yesselḥu ṭṭumubil,  ur yettkil ara fell-ak. Ma yeggar-d iman-is yal tikelt, ur tettissineḍ tanhert. Anemhal deg tezrawt ula d netta, ma yeggar-d iman-is yal tikelt, ur tettizmireḍ ad txemmemmeḍ iman-ik, acku ur k-yettaǧǧa  ad txemmemmeḍ iman-ik. Ur d-yewwi ad agtent temliliyin akked unemhal-ik: 3 ar 5 n temliliyin deg useggas, la zzyada la nniqsan! 

      Deg wussan imenza n leqdic, tzemreḍ ad tessutreḍ lemɛawna ɣur unemhal-ik ma tesɛiḍ ugur, maca yewwi-d ad tizmireḍ ad tferruḍ uguren-ik iman-ik simmal ara tettaẓeḍ deg lxedma-k. Ur ttkal ɣef unemhal-ik ad ak-d-iɛiwed aselmed s wadda neɣ ad ak-d-yesseɣti tazrawt-ik awal s wawal.

  • Section 2

    • Tasenfart n tagmi

      • Asebded n tsenfart n tagmi

        Tazwert Tamatut

        - Asissen n unnar n tezrawt

        - Tamukris  - Addad n leqdic deg taɣult n tezrawt-ik

                             - Asissen d usemqet n tɣawsa n tezrawt

                             - Asersi n tutteriwin akked turdiwin (deg kra n yisental)

        - Iswi d taggara n tezrawt

        - Beṭṭu n tezrawt.

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        Tazwert

        Tazwert, d awal n tazwara, d agzul ɣezzifen ɣef wayen ara yilin s telqey deg kra n tezrawt. D awal ara yemlen i yal imeɣri asentel, iswi n usentel, tixuṭert-is, … iwakken ad yel tikti, ɣas d tamatut, ɣef wadan n tezrawt uqbel ad tt-yazu, ad tt-ifurr.

        Azal i tla tezwert, s wazal-is. S wazal-is, acku deg-s ay yettili usissen n usentel, iswi-ines akked txuṭert-is, maca daɣen deg-s ay yettili uɣawas amezwaru ara d-yemlen lebni tezrawt, aɣawas ara yessifessen aseqdec n tezrawt i tebɣu tiɣzif.

        Tazwert, ɣas d tazwert, ɣas yewwi-d ad tt-naru seg tazwara, tikfin-is, ɣer taggara. Yeḍḥa-d waya yessefk acku, nenna-t-id yakan, tazwert yewwi-d ad tili d udem n tezrawt, mi tt-neɣra ad neḥsu ma ad aɣ-twalem tezrawt deg wayen i nqeddec neɣ ahat yewwi-d ad tt-nerr deg rrif ma d ayen i yeffɣen i wayen deg nqeddec.

        Imi tazwert d udem n tezrawt, yewwi-d ad d-yesken umarau deg wawal-is tazrawt ad d-tas deffir. Iwakken ad d-yesken tazrawt deffir, yewwi-d ad yeseqdec imyagen deg wurmir s tzelɣa ad, ur deg yizri am wakken i tella teggrayt. Taggrayt, nettat, teǧǧa-tt-id tezrawt ɣer deffir.

        Atna yiferdisen i d-yewwi ad ilin deg usenfar n tezrawt:

        Tazwert Tamatut

         

        Asissen n usentel

        Yewwi-d ad ilin deg-s yiferdisen-a : i. azwel n tezrawt ara d-yemlen asentel n leqdic ; ii. taɣult n tezrawt ; iii. Assisen n taɣult-nni deg teẓri (tabadut). Amezwaru, i usissen n usentel ya s timmad-is; id sin, i tigin n tilas i unnar n tussna i d-yelhan d tɣawsa-nni ɣef ara tili tezrawt.

         

        Tamukrist

        Ur telli tmukrist d iseqsiyen neɣ d tuttriwin kan, am wakken i nettaf deg waṭas n tezrawin ; aṭas n yinagmayen imanunen, mi ten-netter ɣef tmukrist n tagmi-nsen, i d-yettarran s yiseqsiyen. Uhu! Tamukrist, tebna d isurifen, ideg asurif send aneggaru d tuttriwin.

        Iwakken ad nessiweḍ ad neḥsu s wayen ɣef ara nnadi deg kra n usentel, yewwi-d ad nger tiṭṭ ɣef wayen i yellan d tizrawin ɣef usentel-nni: ur nelli d imezwura ɣer usentel-nni ; akken i yebɣu yili, yella ya yiwen i iqedcen ɣef-s ngum nekni.

        Mi yemmed ugzul ɣef wayen i gan yimezwura, d uskan n wayen i ǧǧan deg tezrawin-nsen, ad nessebded tilas n tɣawsa n tezrawt-nneɣ deg wayen akken i yeqqimen. Da, yewwi-d ad yeḥsu unagmay d akemmel ara ikemmel i tezrawin i yellan yakan, ur d allus s wadda (siwa ma terra tmara). Daymi d-yewwi ad d-yefren taɣawsa n tezrawt seg wayen i yeggran, ur seg wayen i yellan ya.

        Da, nezmer ad d-nemmeslay ɣef tuttriwin. Mi yekfa unagmay asissen n tɣawsa n tezrawt, yezmer ad yessers tuttriwin ara t-yessiwḍen s iswi ɣef yebna deg tazwara. Amḍan n tuttriwin ɣef ara tebnu tezrawt, d iswi akked tɣawsa n tezrawt ara t-id-yemlen : akken i tezmer ad tili yiwet, i zemrent ad ilint semmus. Maca, yewwi-d ɣef unagmay ad d-yerr akk fell-asent deg taggara. Nnig waya, zemrent ad ilint snat n taggayin n tuttriwin : tigejdanin d tmazzayin (akken i yella usentel).

        Asurif aneggaru deg tmukrist, d turdiwin. I yal tuttra, yewwi-d ad tili turda. Turda, ur telli d tamuɣli n unagmay kan ɣef tɣawsa n tezrawt, d tamuɣli n unagmay s ubrid n tussna, n kra n teẓri, n kra n termit, ... Daymi tessefk tebdert n ubrid i yewwin ɣer kra n turda. Yezmer unagmay ad d-yaf snat n turdiwin ɣef yiwet n tuttra ; da, yewwi-d ɣer taggara ad yessidet unagmay agerrez neɣ tizzelgi n turdiwin i yessebded deg tazwara.

        Tamawt

                 Deg kra n yisental, am uglam n kra n tmeslayt, zemrent ur ttilint tuttriwin d turdiwin. Taluft-a n tuttriwin d turdiwin, tettli s umata, deg tesnilest, deg yisental yezran tasnilesmettit s umata. Acku, tuttriwin d turdiwin, ttuseqdacent mi ssefkent kan, ur d aɣan!

        Iswi d taggara n tezrawt

        Yewwi-d ad nessemgired da iswi ɣef taggara n tezrawt. Amezwaru, yerza ayen ɣer nra ad nessiweḍ s tezrawt-nni ya s timmad-is. Nga tazrawt ɣef temsiselt n kra n tmeslayt, yewwi-d ad d-nessegzi dakken iswi n tezrawt d asekfel n tulmisin i tla tmeslayt-nni deg temsiselt, ur nelli deg tmeslayin-nniḍen. Taggara n tezrawt, deg-s netteqqen aqeddic i d-nga ɣer yiqeddicen-nniḍen i t-yecban d wayen d-rnan i tezrawin i yellan yakan deg unnar n tussna n tezrawt.

        Beṭṭu n tezrawt

        Tazrawt (adlis neɣ tigawt), i tebɣu tili, tzewwir-itt tezwert, tgerri s teggrayt. Nnig waya, tezmer tezrawt ad tebḍu d iɣfawen, tezmer daɣen ad tebḍu d iḥricen ara yebḍun s timmad-nsen d iɣfawen :

        1. Tbeṭṭu d iɣfawen kan mi meẓẓiyet. Da, iɣfawen-nni, yewwi-d ad ɛedlen s lewhi deg umḍan n yisebtar ma lan azal yiwen. Ma ur ɛdilen deg wazal, ur ttemsawin deg umḍan n yisebtar. Da, yewwi-d ad d-yefk unagmay timental i t-yewwin ad yefk azal i yiwen ugar n wayeḍ. Yal iɣf, ad yel tazwert d taggrayt.
        2. Tbeṭṭu d iḥricen (s umata sin) mi meqqret, mi ugten deg-s yiɣfawen. Da daɣen yessefk ad yesseɛdel unagmay iḥricen deg umḍan n yiɣfawen s lewhi. Deg yal aḥric, ttilin seg sin n yiɣfawen d asawen. Yal aḥric, ad yel daɣen tazwert d teggrayt.

         

      • Iferdisen n tarrayt

        II. Iferdisen n tarrayt

        Iferdisen n tarrayt, deg tidet, deg tezrawin n ddukṭura, ttilin deg yiɣf n tesnarrayt i d-yettasen deffir yiɣf n teẓri deg yiwen n uḥric i wimi ttsemminaḥric n teẓri d tesnarrayt. Da, deg tezrawt n Master, s umata, ur llin yiferdisen n tarrayt d iɣf acku ur telli tagmi lqayen ɣef tmental n ufran n tarrayt n tesleḍt d usegzi-ines s telqey. Daymi i as-neqqar kan iferdisen n tarrayt mačči d tussna n tarrayt (tasnarrayt).

        Deg tezrawt n Master, am deg tezrawt n turagt n zik, ttasen-d yiferdisen n tarrayt srid deffir tezwert tamatut. Iferdisen i yettilin da, ttbeddilen almend n usentel n tezrawt. Ɣas ayen-nni, Asissen n tarrayt n tesleḍt d tifferni-s, zgan ttilin deg tezrawin.

        1. Ma d tazrawt ara yilin ɣef uglam n tmeslayt, d amedya, yewwi-d ad d-yessefhem unagmay timental tussnanin n tifferni n tmeslayt-nni, yewwi-d ad d-yessissen tamnaḍt ideg tt-ttmeslayen medden. Yewwi-d ad d-yessissen tarrayt n tegmert n wammud d tmental n tifferni-s, imsulɣa iseg d-yugem ammud, ...
        2. Ma d tazrawt i yerzan, d amedya, aglam n wattalen n useqdec n wurmir war tazelɣa d wazalen-is, yewwi-d ad d-yessissen unagmay ammud (idlisen ideg llan yiḍrisen iɣef ara yeqdec) akked yimeskaren n yidlisen-nni, ...
        3. Deg wayen i yerzan tizrawin ɣef tesmidegt neɣ kra n usentel ideg tessefk tsastant, yewwi-d ad yili usissen n temnaḍt, afran n temnaḍt, asissen n yimsulɣa, assissen n tarrayt n tegmert, asissen n tarrayt n teslmeḍ.
        4. Deg yisental ideg ulac annar n tsastant, deg tazarwt ad tili ɣef yittaftaren yuran, yewwi-d ad yili deg-s usissen n yittaftaren-nni yellan d aɣbalu n wammud, timental n ufran-nsen, asissen n wammud d wamek i t-id-nessukes, asissen n umaru neɣ n yimura yuran ittaftaren-nni, asissen n tarrayt n tesleḍt. 

         

         

      • Umuɣ n yidlisen d kra n tafdiwin n tira

        IV. Umuɣ n yidlisen

        Deg wumuɣ n yidlisen, mačči deg udlismuɣ, i yettilin ala idlisen i nesseqdec i kra n tmusni, i yettunebdaren deg wammas n tezrawt. (I tarrayt n usissen n yidlisen-nni, wali tifadiwin n tira)

         

        V. Tijetad

        Nezmer ad naf deg tjenṭaḍ, almend n tezrawin, tifelwiyin, amawal, izenziɣen, tikaṛdiwin, tugniwin, ... Ayen akk i izemren ad ad yernu kra seg waggug i tezrawt, ur nuklal ad yili deg wammas-is.

        Tifadiwin n Tira

        1. 1.     Lqis n twerqet, d A4. /Lqis n leryuf n twerqet, 2,5
        1. 2.     Tira, ad tili s Times New Roman.
        1. 3.     Teɣzi n yisekkilen, 14.
        1. 4.     Gar yijerriden, 1us.
        1. 5.     Aḍris n tezrawt, ad yesgem seg yal tama
        1. 6.    Izwal

        Izwal, deg tezrawt, zemren ad awḍen ar semmus n yiswiren kan ; ur d-yewwi ad ilin yisekkilen n ugemmay. Deffir uswir aneggaru, d taseddart. Ata wakken i d-yewwi ad ilin :

        Aswir amezwaru : azwel ameqqran (agejdan), s umeqqran meẓẓiyen azuran s 16 deg teɣzi n usekkil ;

        Aswir wis sin : azwel ameẓẓyan, s udeqsi imseggem azuran, s 14 deg teɣzi n usekkil ;

        Aswir wis krad : azwel ameẓẓyan, s udeqsin amezlagu azuran, s 14 deg teɣzi n usekkil ;

        Aswir wis kuẓ : azwel ameẓẓyan, s udeqsi imseggem, s 14 deg teɣzi n usekkil ;

        Aswir wis semmus : azwel ameẓẓyan, s udeqsi amezlagu, s 14 deg teɣzi n usekkil.

        1. 7.     Ayen i yerzan tutlayt deg tezrawt s umata :tezmer, deg tezrawt, ad tili tutlayt s i d-nettmeslay, ad tili daɣen tin ɣef i d-nettmeslay. Da, yewwi-d usemgired gar-asent deg talɣa. Tamezwarut, ad taru s tira timseggemt ; taneggarut, s tmezlagut. Deg tefyirt, Uccen, d isem amalay asuf. nesseqdec awalen d, isem, amalay akked asuf iwakken ad yes-sen nemmeslay-d ɣef wawal uccen. Nesseqdec ihi awalen n teqbaylit iwakken ad yes-sen nemmeslay-d ɣef wawal-nniḍen n  teqbaylit.
        1. 8.     Tizmilin tineddiyin : ti, ttmagant i tamawin i ilan assaɣ s asentel maca ur uklalent amkan deg wammas n uḍris acku ur lint assaɣ srid s asentel ; zemrent daɣ ad deg-sent ilint tebdar n trumit, n taɛrabt neɣ n tneglizit  — n tutalyt tawerdant s umata — i ilan tasuɣelt deg wammas n uḍris. Tizmilin-a, yewwi-d ad mmagent s uselkim, ur s ufus.
        1. 9.     Iɣbula n teẓri

        9.1.         Iɣbula n teẓri deg wammas n uḍris n tezrawt : deg wammas n uḍris n tezrawt, ara yarun, d tanekwa n umaru kan. Ma llan sin n yimura i ilan tanekwa yiwet, lan idlisen neɣ imagraden deg yiwen n useggas, yewwi-d ad d-yernu usekkil amezwaru n yismawen-nsen sdat-sen ; asekkil-nni, ad yel tinqiḍt deffir-s acku d tiwwezli ay t-yuɣen.

        Ma d tabdert i d-yekkesen seg uḍris n tazwara neɣ d tikti kan, i wimi d-yewwi ad d-yettunebder uɣbalu ɣer taggara-s, aɣbalu-nni, da, ad yili gar tacciwin, taru deg-s tnekwa n umeskar, aseggas d usebter akka : (Chaker, 1989 : 774). Tikwal, ɣas tekkes-d tekti neɣ tebdert s timmedt, ma yewwi-d ad d-yettunebder umeskar seg tazwara, ad teddu tnekwa-s d uḍris n tezrawt, d aseggas d usebder kan ara yilin gar tacciwin, akka : ɣef yimeslayen n Bouamara (2004 : 157), « + tabdert. » Wi i iran telqey, yaẓ s umuɣ n yidlisen.

        9.2.         Iɣbula n teẓri deg wumuɣ n yidlisen :ay yettilin deg wumuɣ n yidlisen, ala wid i yettusqedcen deg tezrawt, iseg d-tekka tmusni. Aglam n yiɣbula deg wumuɣ n yidlisen, yessefk ad yebded ɣef yiwet n tarrayt. Idlisen, deg wumuɣ n yidlisen, yessefk ad bnun ɣef umyezwer n yisekkilen n tira n tnekwa n yal ameskar deg ugemmay. Ma nnig 20 n yiɣbula (idlisen) i yellan, yewwi-d ad bḍun d taggayin : i. idlisen ; ii. imagraden ; iii. isegzawalen ;  

        9.2.1.  Idlisen

        Tanekwa n umeskar s umeqqran meẓẓiyen azuran, Asekkil amezwaru n yisem-is s umeqqran azuran s tenqiḍt ɣer taggara-s (aseggas), Azwel n udlis s tira tamezlagut d umeqqran i usekkil amezwaru, tamdint neɣ tamurt n usiẓreg, tiẓrigin, amḍan n yisebtar i ila.

        — Bouamara, K. (2004), Si Lbachir Amellah (1861-1930) : un poète-chanteur célèbre de Kabylie, Béjaïa, Talantikit, 365 sb.

        9.2.2.  Imagraden

        Tanekwa n umeskar s umeqqran meẓẓiyen azuran, Asekkil amezwaru n yisem-is s umeqqran azuran s tenqiḍt ɣer taggara-s (aseggas), Azwel n umagrad gar tacciwin n wadda s tira timseggemt d umeqqran i usekkil amezwaru, isem n tesɣunt s tira tamezlagut d umeqqran i usekkil amezwaru (azwel n wuṭṭun-nni s tmezlagut gar tacciwin s umeqqran i usekkil amezwaru), uṭṭun n tesɣunt, amur-is, asebter n beddu d win n gerru n umagrad.

        — Feuillard, C. (2001), « Le fonctionnalisme d’André Martinet », La linguistique (Autour du fonctionnalisme d’André Martinet), Uṭ. 37, Am. 1, sb-sb. 5-20.

        9.2.3.  Tizrawin

        Tanekwa n umeskar s umeqqran meẓẓiyen azuran, Asekkil amezwaru n yisem-is s umeqqran azuran s tenqiḍt ɣer taggara-s (aseggas), Azwel n tezrawt s tira tamezlagut d umeqqran i usekkil amezwaru, Taggayt n tezrawt, Isem d tnekwa n unemhal (ddaw ufus n), Tasdawit, amḍan n yisebtar.

        — Mazaleyrat, H. (2010), Vers une approche linguistico-cognitive de la polysémie : représentation de la signification et construction du sens, Tazrawt n ddukṭura, Michel Chambreuil (ddaw ufus n), Tasdawit Blaise Pascal - Clerment II, 372 sb.

        Tamawt

        — Mi ara ilin sin n yimeskaren : Picoche, J. & Honest, M.-L.

        — Mi ara ilin nnig sin : Bouamara &wḍ

        1. 10.           Tibdar

        Tabdert, d awal n yiwen n umeskar deg udlis-is akken i yella. Tikwal, tettarra tmara i wallus n wayen i d-uran yimeskaren akken i t-id-uran, ur irennu ur iɣelli deg-s wawal.

        Ur d-yewwi usuget n tebdar deg wammas n uḍris, d awway n tektiwin d wawal n wiyaḍ war azref waya. Tabdert, yeṭṭafar-itt uwennet ara d-yemlen s umqat axemmem n umeskar deg-s. Tezmert tebdert ad tsemmed tabdert-iḍen. Maca, ur d-yewwi ad agtent deg wammas n uḍris n tezrawt.

        Deg wammas n uḍris n tezrawt, tibdar, deg tezrawt n Master, ttilint gar tuccar, tid n wadda : «   ». Ma, deg tebdert-nni yakan, yella wawal i yellan gar tuccar-a tineddiyin, ad yemmag gar tuccar tiniɣfin ‘‘  ’’ : « …………… ‘‘……’’……………….. »

        Deg wayen i yerzan iḍrisen i yuran s tutlayt tawerdant ɣef tin n tezrawt, deg wammas n tezrawt, yewwi-d ad d-yuɣal uḍris n tebdert ɣer tutlayt n tezrawt. Aḍris-nni amezwaru, ad yili deg tezmilin tineddiyin.

         

         

         

    • Amedya ɣef yiswan n tagmi deg Master

      • 1. Iswan n tagmi

        D iswi n tagmi ara d-yemlen i unagmy d acu n wallalen ara t-iwalmen deg leqdic.

        1.1.      Iswi d aglam

        Da, d asissen ay d aferdis agejdan. D asissen n kra n taluft akken tella deg tilawt s telqey. Nezmer d amedya ad d-neglem kra n tmeslayt n kra n temnaḍt akken tettuseqdac deg yilsawen. Da, ur yesɛi azref unagmay ad d-yefk rray-is ɣef wayen yesla deg yilsawen n madden ma yelha neɣ uhu. Ccɣel-is, d aɛiwed n wayen yesla, n wayen iwala.

        1.2.      Iswi d asismel

        Iswi-ya, yettawi ɣer usebded n tsekka i kra n taluft yellan deg tutlayt. Nezmer ad d-nefk d amedya da ɣef leqdic yexdem Yahiaoui deg tezrawt-is n nnig turagt ɣef tenfaliyin tukrifin deg teqbaylit: yewt ad yebḍu tinfaliyin yellan deg teqbaylit d leṣnaf almend n kra n yisefran am tɣessa, amawal akked ukarif.

        1.3.      Iswi d asegzi

        D ayen ibanen, deffir uglam d usismel, d asegzi (asefhem). S uglam n tenfaliyin deg unamek, deg talɣa d tseddast ay nezmer ad d-nessefhem ssebba n usrusu n kra deg-sen deg tsekka-ya, kra-nniḍen deg tsekka-ihin.

        S uglam n tuddsa n tmetti tamaziɣt, s umata, i nezmer ad d-nessefhem amek armi tedder tmeslayin n Yimaziɣen s timawt ar ass-a.

        1.4.      Iswi d tigzi

        Tizrawin yekkaten ad ssiwḍent s iwi-ya, d tizrawin deg yekkat unagmay ad yefhem amek iga, d amedya, uxemmem n yimdanen yettmeslayen s taɛrabt deg Lezzayer ɣef uselmed n tmaziɣt deg Lezzayer. D tizrawin yekkaten ad d-awint timuɣliwin n yimdanen ɣef kra n taluft; d ayen i nezmer ad naf ula deg tsertit mi d-ḥedṛent tefranin n usebded n uselway n tmurt.

        1.5.      Iswi d aserwes

        Iswi da, d asemqabel n snat n tmeslayin, d amedya, iwakken ad nefhem yerna ad d-nessefhem ayen deg ttemcabint d wayen deg mgaradent. Nezmer ad nefk da tazrawt n n nnig turagt n Aissou, n Nahali i yemmugen ɣef userwes gar snat n tmeslayin.

        Taggrayt

        Iswan-a, ɣas newt ad d-nessefhem yal wa iman-is, ttemyekcamen deg tezrawt ara yexdem unelmad. Yezmer unelmad ad d-yaf iman-is deg sin, kṛad n yiswan, …

    • Section 5

      • Section 6

        • Section 7

          • Section 8

            • Section 9

              • Section 10