Section outline

    • Expressing similarity

      We can use like or as to say that things are similar.

      • She is like her sister.
      • He is a doctor like his father.
      • Like his brother, he is a vegetarian.
      • You are dressed just like me.
      • He fought like a tiger.

      Grammar notes

      Like is a preposition. It is used before a noun or a pronoun which acts as its object.

      Using as

      As is a conjunction. It is used before a clause or an expression beginning with a preposition.

      • Nobody loves her as I do. (NOT Nobody loves her like I do.)
      • In 1939, as in 1914, everybody seemed to want war.
      • He fought as a tiger does.

      Informal use of like

      In informal English like is often used a conjunction instead of as. This is very common in American English.

      • Nobody loves her like I do.

      Comparison with as and like after negatives

      Note the word order in the following sentences.

      • I don’t sing, like Jane. (Jane sings, but I don’t.)
      • Like Jane, I don’t sing. (Jane doesn’t sing; neither do I.)
      • I am not a Catholic, like Mary. (Mary is a Catholic, but I am not.)
      • Like Mary, I am not a Catholic. (Mary is not a Catholic; nor am I.)

      These sentence connectors are used to emphasize the fact that the second point contradicts with the first.

      HOWEVER : Katty couldn't cash her paycheck However, she managed to buy a new TV set.

      BUT: Oscar had a ticket, but he didn´t go to the game

      NEVERTHELESS: There was little chance of success; nevertheless they decided to perform the surgery. STILL He is rich. Still, he leads a miserable life.

      YET: Edison dropped out school at an early age, yet he became a famous inventor

      WHEREAS. Tom thinks we´re ready to begin whereas Lisa thinks we have to wait

    •  1. Alors que ...

           2. Tu es différent de toute autre personne ...

           3. Nous sommes différentes de vous ...

       

      a) UNLIKE = Différemment de,  contrairement à …

      ex: He never interrupts people when they speak, unlike his opponent.=  Il n’interrompt jamais les gens qui parlent, contrairement à son opposant …

       

      b) CONTRARY TO + NOM abstrait ou pronom WHAT :

      ex: He wasn’t born in Paris, contrary to what he declared… =  Il n’est pas né à Paris, contrairement à ce qu’il a déclaré …

       

      cWHEREAS + proposition = contraste. Opposition entre les actions exprimées au sujet de deux personnes, deux faits, ou deux idées –

      ex: I love meat and fish whereas my sister is a vegetarian! = J’adore la viande et le poisson alors que ma sœur est végétarienne !

      ex: In a village, everybody knows everyone, whereas in NYC, you can go unnoticed! = Dans un village, tout le monde se connaît, alors qu'à New YorK, on peut passer inaperçu !

       

      d)  INSTEAD OF + Nom OU Gérondif ou adj possessif:

      ex: I’m sorry, he watched TV instead of doing his homework! =Je suis désolé ! Il a regardé la TV au lieu de faire ses devoirs !

       

      e) ON THE CONTRARY  - DIFFERENT FROM ; adj OPPOSITE

      ex: Yes! They’re twins, but Paul really insists on being different from Jim! = Oui, ils sont jumeaux, mais Paul insiste pour être différent de Jim! (‘different… than’ fréquemment entendu aux USA)

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