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  • Généralités

  • lesson ONE S2

    • positive VS the negative Fichier

      It’s important to note that everyone has good days and bad days. Losing a client, flubbing a presentation or even having a frustrating commute can put a generally kind and even-keeled person in a bad mood. A bad attitude, however, is typically a state of mind, and it has the potential to permeate a workplace and drag everyone down with it. If you’re a colleague, you may be able to steer clear of this personality type or steel yourself for necessary interactions; as a manager, you may need to choose between redirecting behavior or letting a bad attitude staffer go, rather than run the risk of alienating other employees.

      How Negativity Impacts a Workplace

      A negative attitude doesn’t just put others in a bad mood – it also has a tangible, measurable impact on how an office functions. Here are some of the effects of an unchecked negative attitude:

      • Lackluster performance
      • Unwillingness to work collaboratively
      • Dismal outlook
      • Unwillingness to try new things
      • Reduced energy levels
      • Depressive feelings
      • Reduced quality of work product
      • Poor customer engagement
      • Difficulty overcoming obstacles

      Negativity can breed contempt and create an environment where there’s no incentive to try, colleagues don’t trust one another and people strive to get through the day rather than thrive, succeed and take initiative.

      How Positivity Impacts a Workplace

      When there are positive attitudes in a workplace, there’s a feeling that anything can be accomplished. Colleagues support each other and work in tandem, and a host of other positive outcomes materialize, such as:

      • Increased productivity
      • Greater probability of collaboration and teamwork
      • Improved morale
      • Ability to overcome adversity
      • Willingness to think creatively and try new things
      • Willingness to share information and ideas
      • Lower turnover
      • Increased sense of camaraderie
      • Improved customer service

      Positivity can be contagious, where everyone feels like they’re on the same team, the effort is collective, and everyone’s ideas are valued and welcomed.

    • problemes at works Fichier

      Whether you are new to the workplace or a seasoned employee, problems occur at work.

      The following are some workplace challenges and how to deal with them.

    • COOPERATION in workplace Fichier

      How do you embrace team cooperation skills in the workplace?

      For an organization to run smoothly and meet its goals, it is important to foster a work environment that supports collaboration amongst colleagues. Unfortunately for most organizations, team cooperation does not occur naturally. Thus you must make an effort and take steps to help build and sustain a cooperative work environment.

      Team cooperation in the workplace can mean many things. It involves the level at which employees participate in decision-making, how management and employees work together to resolve problems, and how all levels of the organization work together to achieve common goals.

      There are many activities and steps that the leadership – along with the employees – can take to help improve cooperation skills in the workplace.

      1. Teamwork must become part of your workplace culture

      For coworkers to successfully collaborate, the leadership within the organization must work to make collaboration one of the key values of the enterprise. Employees must see that the leadership within the firm works together as a team to accomplish goals. Also, the company’s leadership must award teams publicly when they are successful at working together to achieve their objectives.

      To truly improve cooperation skills, leaders must provide an environment where employees are not afraid to share their ideas. Leaders must create a culture where the exchange of ideas is encouraged and rewarded. Teamwork and collaboration must be a central theme of the mission statement to improve team cooperation.

      2. Provide teams with the resources they need to work together

      To make improvements with communication, the organization must provide the necessary resources to the teams. This includes comfortable work spaces where the teams can work together. If the teams are spread out amongst different locations, then the organization must provide the resources that allow the teams to work together remotely, such as video conferencing.

      How to Cultivate Positivity

      You can go a long way in cultivating an attitude of positivity in your workplace by being respectful, inclusive and supportive of staffers.

      • Don’t allow gossip or cliquish behavior to thrive
      • Express appreciation for a job well done
      • Share credit
      • Celebrate successes

      You can also increase the odds of having a positive workforce by hiring people with positive outlooks. Question future candidates about how they handle disappointment and setbacks and whether they enjoy team-working environments.

  • Lesson 3 S2

    • Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Fichier

      When we describe the things around us, we often make comparisons. For example, a lion is a big cat. When we see a rhino sitting next to a lion, we might say that the rhino is bigger than the lion due to its size. Later on during our safari, we see an elephant, and we know that it is the biggest animal we are likely to see due to its massive size.

      If you’re the king of the grammar jungle, you already know that we use adjectives like the words big, bigger, and biggest to modify and describe nouns and pronouns. When we make comparisons, we use special types of adjectives called comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives. But what is the difference between these two? Is one better than the other? And which kind of adjective is best to use in our sentences? We can’t settle this adjective popularity contest right now but we can compare these two types of adjectives to learn when and how to use them.

      Comparative adjective vs. superlative adjective

      Both comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives are formed from the positive form of an adjective (the “basic” form you’ll see if you look up an adjective in our amazing dictionary). In general, comparative adjectives end in -er or use the words more or less, while superlative adjectives end in -est or use the words most and least. For example, smaller is a comparative adjective and smallest is a superlative adjective. As another example, more determined is a comparative adjective and most determined is a superlative adjective.

      Both of these types of adjectives are used in comparisons of people and/or things. Comparative adjectives are used to compare two people or things and superlative adjectives are used to compare more than two people or things. For example:

      • My house is bigger than her house. (comparing two things)
      • Out of the 30 houses in the neighborhood, Reginald’s is the biggest. (comparing more than two things)
      • Maya is younger than Ben. (comparing two people)
      • Maya is the youngest student in the class of 20. (comparing more than two people)

      We will explore more specific ways that we use comparative and superlative adjectives in the PPT, but this is the main difference to keep in mind between these two types of adjectives.

  • Lesson 4 S2

    • expressing SIMILARITIES and Diffrences (Comparison and contrast Structure) Fichier

      Expressing similarity

      We can use like or as to say that things are similar.

      • She is like her sister.
      • He is a doctor like his father.
      • Like his brother, he is a vegetarian.
      • You are dressed just like me.
      • He fought like a tiger.

      Grammar notes

      Like is a preposition. It is used before a noun or a pronoun which acts as its object.

      Using as

      As is a conjunction. It is used before a clause or an expression beginning with a preposition.

      • Nobody loves her as I do. (NOT Nobody loves her like I do.)
      • In 1939, as in 1914, everybody seemed to want war.
      • He fought as a tiger does.

      Informal use of like

      In informal English like is often used a conjunction instead of as. This is very common in American English.

      • Nobody loves her like I do.

      Comparison with as and like after negatives

      Note the word order in the following sentences.

      • I don’t sing, like Jane. (Jane sings, but I don’t.)
      • Like Jane, I don’t sing. (Jane doesn’t sing; neither do I.)
      • I am not a Catholic, like Mary. (Mary is a Catholic, but I am not.)
      • Like Mary, I am not a Catholic. (Mary is not a Catholic; nor am I.)

      These sentence connectors are used to emphasize the fact that the second point contradicts with the first.

      HOWEVER : Katty couldn't cash her paycheck However, she managed to buy a new TV set.

      BUT: Oscar had a ticket, but he didn´t go to the game

      NEVERTHELESS: There was little chance of success; nevertheless they decided to perform the surgery. STILL He is rich. Still, he leads a miserable life.

      YET: Edison dropped out school at an early age, yet he became a famous inventor

      WHEREAS. Tom thinks we´re ready to begin whereas Lisa thinks we have to wait

    • practice the last exercise online (with correction) URL

       1. Alors que ...

           2. Tu es différent de toute autre personne ...

           3. Nous sommes différentes de vous ...

       

      a) UNLIKE = Différemment de,  contrairement à …

      ex: He never interrupts people when they speak, unlike his opponent.=  Il n’interrompt jamais les gens qui parlent, contrairement à son opposant …

       

      b) CONTRARY TO + NOM abstrait ou pronom WHAT :

      ex: He wasn’t born in Paris, contrary to what he declared… =  Il n’est pas né à Paris, contrairement à ce qu’il a déclaré …

       

      c) WHEREAS + proposition = contraste. Opposition entre les actions exprimées au sujet de deux personnes, deux faits, ou deux idées –

      ex: I love meat and fish whereas my sister is a vegetarian! = J’adore la viande et le poisson alors que ma sœur est végétarienne !

      ex: In a village, everybody knows everyone, whereas in NYC, you can go unnoticed! = Dans un village, tout le monde se connaît, alors qu'à New YorK, on peut passer inaperçu !

       

      d)  INSTEAD OF + Nom OU Gérondif ou adj possessif:

      ex: I’m sorry, he watched TV instead of doing his homework! =Je suis désolé ! Il a regardé la TV au lieu de faire ses devoirs !

       

      e) ON THE CONTRARY  - DIFFERENT FROM ; adj OPPOSITE

      ex: Yes! They’re twins, but Paul really insists on being different from Jim! = Oui, ils sont jumeaux, mais Paul insiste pour être différent de Jim! (‘different… than’ fréquemment entendu aux USA)

    • the WHOLE cours in french URL

      here is the whole cours presented by the teacher Pierre VANDERSTEEN MAUDUIT-LARIVE who explains DIVINELY in english and french 

  • Section 4

    • TEST DU 2EME SEMESTRE POUR LES L3

      le TEST S02 pour tous les L3 initialement programmer pour aujourdhui n'aura pas lieu CAR tous vos MAIL n ont pas etes AJOUTER sur la plateforme E-LEARNING, de se fait le test prevu pour les ETUDIANTS L3 ne vous a pas considerer comme telle

      SOLUTION: je vais vous ajouter un a un (matricules + Mail) sur l espace cours, comme ca VOUS serez automatiquement ACCEPTER par le logiciel comme ETUDIANT (et ca va vous permetre de debloquer le TEST)

      bien a vous, VOTRE TEACHER

      PS: c est juste un petit imprevue que je viens de regler!!! n eyez crainte! 

      passez une agreable soiree....et saha ftourekoum

  • Section 5

  • Section 6

  • Section 7

    • MOYENNE DU MODULE ANGLAIS Fichier

      BONSOIR chers étudiants, vous trouverez ci-joint les notes du S2 (test + exam + moyennes du TD), j' ai remarquais que beaucoup d' entre VOUS n ont pas eu de bonne NOTES durant le S2, alors pour y remédier j ai voulu multiplier vous notes de TEST au lieu de l'examen pour avoir si ça changeait quelque peu la donne!! MAIS malheureusement ca na pas marcher

      de ce fait, vos moyennes en anglais sont CALCULÉS de la sort:  TEST +(EXAM X2) / 3 
       
      cordialement, 
      YOUR TEACHER 

  • Section 8